Ancient Astronauts

                                                                                           
                                      

According to certain authors, intelligent extraterrestrial beings called ancient astronauts or ancient aliens have visited Earth, and this contact is connected with the origins or development of human cultures, technologies, and religions. A common variant of the idea include proposals that deities from most, if not all, religions are actually extraterrestrials, and their technologies were taken as evidence of their divine status.These proposals have been popularized, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century, by writers Erich von Däniken, Zecharia Sitchin, Robert K. G. Temple, and David Icke. Ancient astronauts have been widely used as a plot device in science fiction, but the idea that ancient astronauts actually existed is not taken seriously by most academics, and has received little or no credulous attention in peer reviewed studies.

                     

Details



Proponents in ancient astronaut often maintain that humans are either descendants or creations of beings who landed on Earth thousands of years ago. An associated idea is that much of human knowledge, religion, and culture came from extraterrestrial visitors in ancient times, in that ancient astronauts acted as a “mother culture”. Other proposals include the idea that civilization may have evolved on Earth twice, and that the visitation of ancient astronauts may reflect the return of descendants of ancient humans whose population was separated from earthbound humans.These ideas are generally discounted by the academic community.


Proponents argue that the evidence for ancient astronauts comes from supposed gaps in historical and archaeological records, and they also maintain that absent or incomplete explanations of historical or archaeological data point to the existence of ancient astronauts. The evidence is said to include archaeological artifacts that they argue are anachronistic or beyond the presumed technical capabilities of the historical cultures with which they are associated (sometimes referred to as "Out-of-place artifacts"); and artwork and legends which are interpreted as depicting extraterrestrial contact or technologies.


Mainstream academics, when they comment at all on such proposals, have responded that gaps in contemporary knowledge of the past need not demonstrate that such speculative ancient astronaut ideas are a necessary, or even plausible, conclusion to draw. Academic researchers in related disciplines generally maintain that there is no evidence to support the proposals of ancient astronauts or paleocontact. Francis Crick, the co-discoverer of the double helix structure of DNA, however strongly believed in what he called panspermia, the concept that earth was 'seeded' with life, probably in the form of bluegreen algae, by intelligent extraterrestrial species, for the purpose of ensuring life's continuity. He believed that this could have been done on any number of planets of this class, possibly using unmanned shuttles. He talks at length about this theory in his book "Life Itself".

 Scientific consideration

In their 1966 book "Intelligent Life in the Universe" astrophysicists I.S. Shklovski and Carl Sagan devote a chapter to arguments that scientists and historians should seriously consider the possibility that extraterrestrial contact occurred during recorded history. However, Shklovski and Sagan stressed that these ideas were speculative and unproven.

Shklovski and Sagan argued that sub-lightspeed interstellar travel by extraterrestrial life was a certainty when considering technologies that were established or feasible in the late '60s; that repeated instances of extraterrestrial visitation to Earth were plausible; and that pre-scientific narratives can offer a potentially reliable means of describing contact with outsiders. Additionally, Shklovski and Sagan cited tales of Oannes, a fishlike being attributed with teaching agriculture, mathematics, and the arts to early Sumerians, as deserving closer scrutiny as a possible instance of paleocontact due to its consistency and detail.

In his 1979 book "Broca's Brain", Sagan suggested that he and Shklovski might have inspired the wave of '70s ancient astronaut books, expressing disapproval of "von Däniken and other uncritical writers" who seemingly built on these ideas not as guarded speculations but as "valid evidence of extraterrestrial contact." Sagan argued that while many legends, artifacts and purported out-of-place artifacts were cited in support of ancient astronaut theories, "very few require more than passing mention" and could be easily explained with more conventional theories. Sagan also reiterated his earlier conclusion that extraterrestrial visits to Earth were possible but unproven, and perhaps improbable.

Proponents

Ancient astronaut theories can be found in the work of the following authors (listed by year of initial publication):


1897 – Garrett P. Serviss (book, Edison's Conquest of Mars)

1919 – Charles Fort

1928 – H.P. Lovecraft

1954 – Harold T. Wilkins

1955 – Morris K. Jessup

1957 – Peter Kolosimo (book, Il pianeta sconosciuto (The Unknown Planet))

1957 – George Hunt Williamson

1958 – Henri Lhote,

1959 – Matest M. Agrest

1959 – Jacques Bergier and Louis Pauwels (authors of The Morning of the Magicians)

1960 – Brinsley Le Poer Trench

1963 – Robert Charroux (book, One Hundred Thousand Years of Man's Unknown History)

1964 – W. Raymond Drake (book, Gods or Spacemen?)

1967 – Brad Steiger (book, The Flying Saucer Menace)

1968 – Erich von Däniken (book, Chariots of the Gods?)

1972 – Thomas Charles Lethbridge (book, The Legend of the Sons of God: A Fantasy?)

1974 – Charles Berlitz (book, The Bermuda Triangle)

1974 – Josef F. Blumrich (book, The Spaceships of Ezekiel)

1974 – Claude Vorilhon aka Rael (book, Le Livre Qui Dit La Vérité (The Book Which Tells the Truth))

1976 – Robert K. G. Temple

1978 – Zecharia Sitchin

1988 – Riley Martin

1993 – David Icke

1996 – Alan F. Alford

1996 – Richard C. Hoagland (book, The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever)

1998 – Lloyd Pye


1999 – Laurence Gardner (book, Genesis of the Grail Kings: The Explosive Story of Genetic Cloning)

2003 – Burak Eldem

Pseudoscientific concepts

Claims

Intelligent extraterrestrials visited the Earth in ancient times and profoundly affected the development of human civilization.

Related scientific disciplines:

Archaeology

Year proposed

1919

Original proponents:

.Charles Fort

.Erich von Däniken

Subsequent proponents:

Robert K. G. Temple, Zecharia Sitchin, Richard C. Hoagland, Burak Eldem